可断键芳磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成与表面活性

Synthesis and Surface Activity of Cleavable Aryl Sulfonate Anionic Surfactants

以三聚氯氰、脂肪胺和H酸钠盐为原料,合成了一系列不同碳链长度的芳磺酸型阴离子表面活性剂,采用1H NMR、IR和元素分析测试技术对其结构进行了表征。分别用稳态荧光法和表面张力法测定了25℃时表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)。随着碳链的增长,4种表面活性剂的CMC和CMC下的表面张力(γCMC)呈先减小后增大的趋势。当疏水碳链为C10烷基时,CMC和γCMC同时达到最低值,分别为1.5×10-5mol/L和28.29 mN/m。当疏水碳链为C12烷基时,CMC和γCMC同时增加。与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)相比,该类表面活性剂在气液界面上的饱和吸附量均比较低,分子表面积均比较大。稳定性测试实验表明,该类表面活性剂符合可断键条件。

A series of cleavable aryl sulfonate anionic surfactants with different carbon chains were synthesized from cyanuric chloride, aliphatic amine, and H acid mono sodium salt. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Their critical micell concentrations （CMC） in aqueous solutions at 25℃ were determined by steady-state fluorescence probe method and surface-tension method, respectively. With increased length of the carbon chain, the values of their CMC and surface tensions under CMC （γCMC） first decreased and reached minima（ 1.5 ×10^ -5 mol/L and 28.29 mN/m respectively） when the carbon number was 10. Then the CMC and YCMC increased when the carbon number was 12. Compared with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate（ SDBS）, such kinds of surfactants have much lower surface adsorption amounts and greater molecular areas on the aqueous surface. Stability test results demonstrate that these surfactants are cleavable.