优秀女子400米运动员髋、膝关节肌群的等动力量

Isokinetic strength of hip and knee articularis muscle groups in excellent women’ 400m athletes

背景:国内外有关等动肌肉力量的研究,大部分以膝关节的屈、伸肌群为观察对象,而对髋关节肌群的研究则较少。目的:测定女子400m运动员髋、膝关节肌力量的基本特征参数。设计、时间及地点:自身对照试验,于2007-12在南京体育科学研究所完成。对象:以优秀女子400m专项一级以上运动员10名为对象,年龄(20±2)岁,身高(168.2±4.9)cm,体质量(61.4±3.7)kg。方法:采用CYBEX6000力量测试与训练系统,测量10名运动员髋、膝关节在60,180,300(°)/s3种角速度下等动向心收缩肌力参数的变化。主要观察指标:不同角速度作用下受试者髋、膝关节等动向心收缩肌力参数的变化。结果:①运动员左右髋、膝关节屈伸肌群等动向心收缩峰力矩和相对峰力矩,在不同速度下的变化随测试角速度的增大而逐渐减小。运动员左右膝关节肌力趋于平衡,而髋关节则左侧肌力显著强于右侧。②髋、膝关节屈伸肌在同一测试速度下肌力矩特征曲线都会出现平台现象。在同一角速度下髋、膝关节肌群左右两侧峰力矩角不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。③运动员左右髋、膝关节屈伸肌群等动向心收缩平均功率和相对平均功率,在不同速度下的变化具有随测试角速度增大而增大的趋势。在同一角速度下,相应指标不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。④不同速度等动向心测试膝关节峰力矩屈伸比均在0.5左右。髋关节峰力矩屈伸比和平均功率屈伸比随着测试角速度的增大而减小。结论:女子400m运动员髋、膝关节肌等动力量的基本特征是,肌力在不同速度下的变化随测试角速度的增大而减小。

BACKGROUND： The studies of isokinetic strength mainly focus on flexor and extensor groups of knee joints, however, studies on hip joint muscles are few. OBJECTIVE： To measure the basic characteristic parameters of hip and knee articularis muscle of 400 m athletes. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The self-control test was completed in Nanjing Institute of Physical Education °n December 2007. PARTICIPANTS： Ten first-grade athletes with （20_＋2） years old, （168.2_＋4.9） cm height, and weighing （61.4-＋3.7） kg were adopted in the study. METHODS： The CYBEX6000 isokinetic muscle strength testing and training system was used to mesure the isokinetic concentric contraction changes of hip and knee joints at the speed of 60 （°）/s, 180 （°）/s, 300 （°）/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Parametric changes of isokinetic concentric strength of hip and knee joints at the different angular velocities were observed. RESULTS： The systolic peak torque and relative peak torque of the athlete hip and knee isokinetic concentric strength are smaller with the larger of test angular velocity. The strength between right and left knee is balance, but the strength of left hip is stronger then the right. The torque curves of hip and knee appeared the platform phenomenon at the same test speed, and the angle of peak torque had no differences between left and right （P 〉 0.05）. The average power and relative average power of the athletes hip and knee isokinetic concentric strength are larger with the larger of test angular velocity, but the relative indexes have no differences at the same test speed （P 〉 0.05）. The ratios of knee flexion and extension peak torque are about 0.5 at different test speeds. The ratios of hip flexion and extension peak torque and average power are smaller with the larger of test angular velocity. CONCLUSION： The basic characters of the isokinetic concentric strength of hip and knee joints of 10 excellent womens＇ 400 m athletes show that the strength is smaller with the larger of test angular velocity