十七个少数民族1804名男大学生体质水平的因子分析

Factor analysis of the constitution of 1804 male students from 17 minority nationalities

背景:课题是2008年广西民族大学重大项目,调查并分析民族地区学生膳食结构、营养、体质与健康及其变化的规律。目的:通过建立数学模型寻找支配因子,探寻学生体质状况的评价方法。设计、时间及地点:横断面调查,于2006-11/2007-05在广西大学、广西民族大学完成。对象:随机取样17个少数民族在校大学生1826人,平均年龄18～20岁。方法:采用现场调研、小样本可行性试验、大样本正式测试和建立指标体系等4个研究步骤,对1804名有效样本(父母双方均为少数民族)进行12项指标测试分析,包括:50m、铅球、立定跳远、引体向上、800m、立位体前屈、体质量、身高、胸围、肺活量、收缩压、舒张压。通过建立初始因子模型和旋转后的因子模型,计算因子特征向量、特征值和贡献率。对受试者健康水平因子总分及标准总分进行排序。主要观察指标:①男性少数民族大学生12项指标测量结果。②12项指标因子特征值、特征向量、贡献率。③初始因子分析模型。④旋转后的因子分析模型。⑤影响少数民族大学生健康因素的素质、发育、生理3个共性因子取值。结果:①影响少数民族大学生体质健康水平有3个主要因素:41.17%来自于身体素质,10.07%来自于发育水平,38.01%来自于生理机能。②满族、蒙古族、壮族、侗族、苗族、傣族、京族、回族、瑶族、毛南族的身体素质在平均水平之上。③满族、蒙古族、苗族、侗族、藏族、彝族、土家族、水族的发育状况高于平均水平。④蒙古族、壮族、苗族、满族、侗族、藏族、京族、彝族、白族、水族的生理机能也高于平均水平。结论:①因子分析法在机体体质评价中的运用,能观测变量间极其复杂的相关关系,寻找变量变化潜在的支配因子,建立因子分析模型,通过各共性因子所处的状态,解释共性因子的实际意义,能客观评价各少数民族学生的健康水平。②因子评价法较原始数据得分直接相加求和法、原始数据标准化分法更科学。

BACKGROUND： The project, sponsored by Guangxi Nationality University in 2008, tries to investigate and analyze the diet, nutrition, constitution, health and their changing rules of the students from multi-national area. OBJECTIVE： To get dominating factor by setting up mathematics model and to find out the assessment of students＇ physical condition. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cross-sectional survey was performed from November 2006 to May 2007 in Guangxi Universy and Guangxi Nationality University. PARTICIPANTS： A total of I 826 male university students were enrolled from 17 minority nationalities, aged from 18 to 20 years. METHODS： Following four steps of experimental procedures consisted of on-site survey, small sample confidence test, big sample formal test and establishing index system, 1 826 effective samples whose parents were both minorities were chosen to be surveyed for 12 indices, including 50-m run, shot, standing long jump, pull-up, 800-m run, anterior flexion on erect position, body weight, height, chest circumference, vital capacity, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. The original factor models and revolving factor models were created to calculate the feature vector, characteristic value and technical progress factor, thus sorting the factor score and the standard score of the subjects＇ health condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Measurements of 12 indices in male university students of minority nationalities; the feature vector, characteristic value and technical progress factor of 12 indices; the original factor models and revolving factor models; common factors affecting the students＇ health, including diathesis, growth and physiology. RESULTS： There were 3 main factors affecting the minority nationalities university students＇ health, 41.17% from diathesis, 10.07% from growth level, and 38.01% from physiological function. The diathesis of minorities, Man, Menggu, Zhuang, Dong, Miao, Dai, Jing, Hui, Yao and Maonan, surpassed the average level. The growth level of minorities, Man, Miao, Menggu, Dong, Zang, Yi, Tujia and Shui, surpassed the average. The physiological function of minorities, Man, Miao, Menggu, Zhuang, Dong, Zang, Yi, Jing, Bai and Shui, surpassed the average. CONCLUSION： The application of the factor analytic method in the National Physical Fitness Evaluation, would observe the complicated relation of the variables, find out the potential dominate factor, and establish the factor analysis model. The research on the statue of every common factor would interpret the practical meaning of the common factors, evaluate the fitness level of the minority nationalities college students objectively. Factor appraisal law is more scientific than the primary data score direct adding together summation method and the primary data standard decompose law.