肿瘤基因治疗的研究进展

Recent advances in tumor gene therapy and virus vectors

目的:综述分析国内外肿瘤基因治疗研究现状的文献,为基础与临床研究提供研究方向、思路和资料。方法:应用MEDLINE、CA、CBMdisc、CMCC、CJFD和CSTPCD等数据检索系统及数据库,以"肿瘤基因治疗"等为关键词,检索1998-01～2007-06与肿瘤基因治疗相关的文献。纳入标准:1)肿瘤基因治疗的动物及临床试验研究,包括方法、效果及进展;2)肿瘤基因治疗与其他生物疗法疗效、不良反应及优缺点的比较。根据纳入标准,粗选143篇文献,最后17篇文献纳入综述分析。结果:基因治疗作为肿瘤治疗的新手段是随着DNA重组技术的成熟而发展起来的,是以改变遗传物质为基础的生物医疗技术,它通过将正常基因或有治疗作用的基因导入靶细胞来纠正突变或有缺陷的基因,以达治疗目的。基因沉默疗法、自杀基因疗法、免疫基因疗法、基因替代疗法、反义基因疗法、多药耐药相关基因治疗、抗肿瘤新生血管治疗和抗端粒酶治疗等均取得显著进展。结论:不同的肿瘤基因治疗方法各有利弊,随着治疗方法与病毒载体的不断改造和完善,基因的转移率、靶向性与安全性不断提高。

OBJECTIVE：To reviewed recent advances in tumor gene therapy. METHODS： Papers on tumor gene therapy and virus vectors, published from Jan. 1998 to Jun. 2007, were retrieved in MEDLINE, CA, CBMdisc,CMCC, CJFD, and CSTPCD databases using the keywords tumor gene therapy. Criteria of paper adoption： 1） Animal and clinical experiments of malignant tumor gene therapy including the methods, effects and progresses, 2） Comparison of the side effects, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of tumor gene therapy with the ones of other biotherapies. According to the above criteria, 143 papers were selected, and 17 papers out of them were finally analyzed and reviewed. RESULTS： Tumor gene therapy developed with the DNA combination technique is a biomedical technique based on the changing of genetic materials. It could transfer normal genes or genes with therapeutic effect into target cells to correct mutant or vicious genes and achieve therapeutic purpose. Tumor gene therapy includes gene silencing therapy, suicide gene therapy, immune gene therapy, gene replacement therapy, antisense gene therapy, multidrug resistant related gene therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and anti-telomerase therapy, etc. CONCLUSIONS： Different tumor gene therapy have their own advantages and disadvantages. The transfer rate, target seeking and safety of the gene are increasing with the improving of the therapy.