2Heim D, Schlegel U, Perren SM. Intramedullary pressure in reamed and undreamed nailing of the femur and tibia: an in vitro study in intact, human bones, Injury 1993, 24:55.
3Kuntscher G. Die marknagelung von knochenbruchen. Arch F Klin Chir, 1940, 200:443.
4Pell ACH, Christie J, Keating JF, et al. The detection of fat embolism by transesophageal echocardiography during reamed intramedullary nailing. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1993, 75:921.
5Wenda K, Runkel M, Degreif J, et al. Pathogenesis and clinical relevance of bone marrow embolism in medullary nailing demonstrated by intraoperative echocardiography. Injury, 1993, 24:73.
6Winquist RA, Hansen Jr, ST Clawson DK. Closed intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures: a report of five hundred and twenty cases. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1984, 66:529.
7Iannacone WM, Taffet R, DeLong Jr, et al. Early exchange intramedullary nailing of distal femoral fractures with vascular injury initially stabilized with external fixation. J Trauma, 1994, 37:446.
8Seiler JG, Swiontkowski MF. A prospective evaluation of the AO/ASIF universal femoral nail in the treatment of traumatic and reconstructive problems of the femur. J Trauma, 1991, 31:121.
9Blitzer CM, Hamilotn L. Oxygen saruration during reaming and intramedu- llary mailing of the femur. Orthopedics, 1992, 15:1403.
10Alberts KA, Loohagen G, Einarsdottir H. Open tibial fractures:faster union after undreamed nailing than external fixation. Injury,1999, 30:519.