三江自然保护区生态建设与替代生计选择研究

Relationship Discussion and Demonstration Research of Wetland Restoration and Adaptive Livelihood——A Case Study of Sanjiang Reserve

在理清了生态建设和替代生计的概念基础上,分析了两者之间的关系,认为生态建设的实施是寻求替代生计的动力因素,替代生计的实施可以为生态建设提供保障和支持,可以消除生态建设所产生的负面影响,解决经济社会问题。通过对三江自然保护区的现状问题分析,提出退耕还湿、退耕还草和设施建设工程3项促进三江自然保护区湿地良性发展的生态建设内容和生态移民、传统农业改造和多元化产业发展的替代生计模式。

Wetlands provide many important services to human society, but are ecologically sensitive and adaptive systems at the same time. This explains why much attention has been directed towards the protection and restoration for wetlands in recent years. However, wetlands have served as a main subsist source of local people and people living outside the periphery of the wetland for a long time. Therefore, absolute protection and limiting all utilizations are unacceptable, especially in the remote rural areas. This paper makes out science definitions of wetland restoration and adaptive livelihood above all, and analyses the relationship between them in detail. In the authors＇ opinion, wetland restoration is a drive factor of seeking adaptive livelihood, while the sustainable adaptive hvelihood is a safeguard premise of wetland restoration. Furthermore, this paper takes Sanjiang reserve as a case study, analyses the ecological environment problems, puts forwards the pertinence wetland restoration ways including the conversion from arable land to wetlands, the conversion from arable land to grass and restoration project constructed, then explores the sustainable adaptive livelihood models which are the ecological transmigrate, the traditional agriculture alteration and multi - industry model.