濒危植物金花茶果实、种子形态分化

Morphological differentiation of fruits and seeds of endangered plant Camellia nitidissima

对濒危植物金花茶5个天然居群和1个人工居群的果实、种子形态进行了研究。结果表明:6个金花茶居群按果实、种子大小进行排序为:广西植物所(GXIB)>那子山中海拔2(NZSH2)>大王江(DWJ)>庚毛山(GMSH)>那子山高海拔3(NZSH3)>那子山低海拔1(NZSH1);表型性状在居群内和居群间均存在一定程度的变异,不同形态性状在居群间变异系数的平均值从0.429(种子质量/果,SWPF)到0.069(果实整体形态,FT/FD),果实整体形态最为稳定,各居群形态性状变异系数的平均值从0.287(NZSH3)到0.155(GXIB)不等;在调查的15个性状中,果实直径、果实质量等3个性状在居群间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),种长、种宽等7个性状在居群间的差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),多数居群已产生较明显的形态分化;聚类分析结果表明,在居群水平上,形态分化并不与居群间的地理距离远近相关联。影响果实、种子表型性状变异的主导因子为海拔高度、土壤有机质、土壤含水量和乔木层透光率。

The fruits and seeds of endangered plant Camellia nitidissima were collected from five natural populations in Nazishan （NZSH1, NZSH2, and NZSH3 ）, Dawangjiang （DWJ） and Gengmaoshan （GMSH）, and one artificial population in Guangxi Institute of Botany （GIXB）. Based on the 15 characters of fruits and seeds, the morphological differentiation of the six populations was studied. According to the size of fruits and seeds, the six populations were in the order of GIXB 〉 NZSH2 〉 DWJ 〉 GMSH 〉 NZSH3 〉 NZHS1, and there existed differences among and within the populations of C. nitidissima. The average variation coefficient of different characters among populations ranged from 0. 429 （seed mass per fruit, SMPF） to 0. 069 （shape of fruit, FT/FD）, and the FT/FD was a relatively stable character; while the average variation coefficient of different populations ranged from 0. 287 （NZSH3） to 0. 155 （GXIB）. In the 15 characters, the variations of 3 characters （such as fruit diameter and mass） were significant （P 〈 0. 05）, and those of 7 characters （such as seed length and width） were very Significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. There was an evident morphological differentiation among most populations. Cluster analysis showed that the morphological differentiation was not correlated with the geographic distance among populations. The major factors affecting the morphological differentiation of fruits and feeds were altitude, soil organic matter, soil water, and light transmittance of canopy.