基于X射线脉冲星的深空探测自主导航方法

Principle of Deep Space Autonomous Navigation Based on X-ray Pulsars

自主导航是实现深空探测任务的关键技术,基于X射线脉冲星的导航方法可靠、稳定、精度高,不受近地空间的限制,为深空自主导航提供了全新的思路。文章分析了X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理,提出了脉冲到达时间预报算法和整周模糊度求解方法,基于最小二乘理论研究了位置估计算法。仿真算例表明该方法在脉冲星方位误差为0.001弧秒、脉冲到达时间测量误差为1μs的情况下,140d飞行时间中定位精度优于10km,且对初始误差不敏感,可以满足深空探测的导航需要。

The autonomous navigation is the key technology to realize the interplanetary exploration, the principle of navigation based on X-ray pulsars is steady, credible and high-precision which is free from the limits of the near earth space and provides a new thought to the autonomous navigation. The navigation principle based on the X-ray pulsars was studied, the algorithm of predicting TOA and the method of solving the ambiguity points were put forward, and the method of estimating the position based on the Least Square theory was studied. The results show that, with 0. 001 arcsec accuracy of pulsar direction and 1μs accuracy of the time of pulse arrival, the position accuracy can reach 10km during the 140 days＇ flight and the navigation accuracy is not sensitive to the initial error, autonomous navigation based on X-ray pulsars can satisfy the requirements of interplanetary exploration