景区—社区:基于利益主体的矛盾分析与和谐机制构建初探

Scenic Resort-Community:Research on the Contradictories and Cooperative Mechanism Based on Stakeholders

旅游业的迅猛发展极大地改变着旅游目的地。空间的紧密性、资源的互动性就使得景区与社区之间发生了密不可分的辩证关系。无数个案说明,构建一个和谐的发展系统对景区、社区来说无疑是一个双赢的选择。景区—社区系统的形成是建立在景区与社区互动的基础上,在对景区—社区系统的要素构成、系统主体及3个层级进行分析的基础上,深入研究了系统中存在的矛盾内核,即多维价值与道德风险,并在结论处提出了构建一个基于政府、景区—社区管委会、旅游企业、社区、第三方力量等利益主体的景区—社区和谐建设机制的构想。采用了规范研究与实证研究相结合、归纳与演绎相结合等研究方法,另外还涉及对价值观的探讨,所以既遵循了科学研究中的价值中立与理性客观,也结合了人文学科中"投入理解"等研究方法。

High-speed development of tourism brings great changes to the tourism destination. Spatial connection and resource interaction makes the relationship between scenic resort and community much closer today. On the basis of deep analysis, this paper puts forward a feasible proposal in the conclusion, that is to establish scenic resort-community harmonious construction mechanism based on the stakeholders, such as government, scenic resort-community committee, tourism enterprises, community and the third party, and then defines their own right and responsibility scope in the development, including that who plays the leader role, who has the core force, and who provides support. The goal to make clear of stakeholders＇ own role is to eliminate the contradictories and enhance harmony between scenic resort and the community as to promote the system formation. Specifically, as government, what it should do is limited domination and moderate intervene; as scenic resort-community committee, what it should do is plan and coordination; as tourism enterprises, what it should do is steward management, that is, pay more attention to the development of community while seeking profit itself; as community, what it should do is capability enhancement; as the third party, what it should do is supervision and check-and-balance which can make development more reasonable and equal. This paper adopts normative method and positive method, inductive method and deductive method through the research. Besides, this paper mainly concerns about the value orientation which refers to some research methods in the Humanities, such as cognition and understanding.