奶牛乳房炎葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

Isolation,identification,medicine sensitivity test of Staphylococcus of dairy cow mastitis

【目的】了解引起奶牛乳房炎的最主要病原菌葡萄球菌的耐药性，为奶牛乳房炎的防治提供参考依据。【方法】于2006-2007年在泰安地区5个规模化奶牛场，采集128份临床乳房炎奶牛乳样，用传统的细菌分离、培养和生化鉴定方法，对其中的葡萄球菌进行了分离，用K-B纸片扩散法对葡萄球菌的耐药性进行了检测调查。【结果】本次调查中共分离到29株葡萄球菌，其中金黄色葡萄球菌14株（14/29，47.4%），产色葡萄球菌3株（3/29，10.3%），木糖葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、松鼠葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和人葡萄球菌各2株（2/29，6.9%），头葡萄球菌和模仿葡萄球菌各1株（1/29，3.3%）；葡萄球菌对头孢拉定和阿米卡星高度敏感，对临床上常用的林可霉素、红霉素、四环素、复合磺胺均存在不同程度的耐药性。金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素的平均抑菌圈直径为19.1 mm，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对万古霉素的平均抑菌圈直径为20.3 mm。【结论】金黄色葡萄球菌在分离葡萄球菌中仍占主导地位，万古霉素对葡萄球菌具有较强的体外抗菌活性，未发现耐药株。

[Objective] Mastitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus. One hundred and twenty-eight milk samples were collected from 5 cattle farms in Taian from 2006 to 2007. [Method] Traditional plate culture method and biochemistry experimentation were used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test was evaluated by K-B paper dispersion method. [Result] 29 Staphylococcus strains were isolated from these samples, including S. aureus 14/29 （47. 4%）, S. chromogenes 3/29 （10. 3%）, S. xylosus,S, cpidermidis,S, saproghyticus and S. sciuri 2/29（6.9%）respectively,S. caplitis and S. simulans 1/29（3.3%）respectively. The results indicated that all Staphylococcus was hypersensitive to cephradine and Amikacin and partially resistant to Clindamycin, Teracycline, Trythromycin and TMP/SMZ which are used frequently in clinic. Average diameter of circle that controlled S. aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus for Vancomycin was 19.1 mm and 20.3 mm respectively. [Conclusion] S. aureus was primarily pathogenic bacteria of Staphylococcus. Staphylococcus which could resist Vancomycin was not found.