论物权转让与危险负担

On Transference of Real Right and Risk Assuming

物权变动与危险负担,有法定与自治之分。自治之制,一般情况是所有权从合同成立时转移,危险负担也随之转移;法定之制,一般情况是登记或交付为转移所有权的时间,交付转移占有和危险负担。我国法对不动产物权变动,采登记生效主义;对危险负担之转移,采交付主义,即对物权变动与危险负担,采法定之制。但我国立法与德国物权变动采物权行为独立性及其无因性的登记生效主义不同,不动产物权合同的债权效力与物权效力分阶段转移,物权变动的效力基于合同、登记法律事实之构成,债权效力基于合同行为,危险负担转移取决于合同、交付法律事实之构成。我国应对合同债权效力、物权变动和危险负担作出分阶段转移的司法解释,以便法院正确适用法律。

There are two legal models regarding to the transference of real right and risk assuming:statute doctrine or autonomy doctrine.Under autonomy doctrine,generally both real right and risk assuming are transferred at the moment when the contract is founded.Under statute doctrine,generally real right is transferred when registration or delivery is done,while risk assuming is transferred with delivery.In China this problem is governed by statute one.The right in rem is transferred since registering and risk assuming is transferred since delivery.The validity of the transference of real right is dependent on the combination of contract and registration,and the validity of the transference of risk assuming is dependent on the combination of contract and delivery.This model is different from Germany law which holds to the independence and non-causality of juristic act of real right.China should make judicial interpretation on this separation principle.