短期职业暴露对个体心理健康影响的初步研究

Preliminary study on effect of short-term occupational exposure on individuals'psychological health

目的:通过评估短期职业暴露前后人员的心理健康状况,探讨短期职业暴露对个体心理健康的影响特点,为职业暴露引发的心理问题提供心理干预依据.方法:运用症状自评量表(SCL-90),焦虑自评量表(SAS),抑郁自评量表(SDS)和状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI),比较25名职业暴露人员暴露前和暴露后(暴露1wk)的心理健康状况.结果:SCL-90各项得分均高于职业暴露后,其中躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、偏执、精神病性、阳性项目数、总分均达到统计学显著水平(P<0.05),但焦虑、敌对和恐怖等因子未达到统计学显著水平(P>0.05).暴露前,SDS抑郁指数得分0.49±0.05,SAS得分55.16±5.25,S-AI得分2.02±0.28;暴露后,SDS抑郁指数得分0.47±0.06,SAS得分39.64±5.45,S-AI得分1.52±0.26.暴露前SDS,SAS和S-AI得分均显著高于暴露后的水平.结论:短期职业暴露前的心理健康水平较暴露后差,提示对该职业暴露个体在暴露前的专业教育和心理教育非常必要,同时暴露期间的心理干预不容忽视.

AIM ： To investigate the effect of short-term occupational exposure on psychological health by assessing the psychological health state before and after exposure, and to discuss further possible intervention measures. METHODS： Twenty-five participants were tested using the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL- 90）, the Anxiety Self-rating Scale （ SAS ）, the Self-rating Depression Scale（SDS） and the State-trait Anxiety Questionnaire（STAI） before and after short-term occupational exposure （one week） , and the data were compared. RESULTS： The scores of SCL-90 factors, such as somatization, obsessivecompulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, paranoid ideation and psyehoticism were significantly higher before the exposure than after. The same results were found in other scales. For SDS, the depression index was significantly higher before the exposure than after （0.49 ± 0.05 vs 0. 47 ± 0.06,P 〈 0.01 ）. For SAS, the score was significantly higher before the exposure than after （55. 16 ± 5.25 vs 39.64± 5.45 ,P 〈 0. 001 ）. For STAI, the score of S-AI was also significantly higher （2.02±0. 28 vs 1.52 ±0.26,P 〈0. 001 ）. CONCLUSION： The individuals＇ psychological health state is worse before occupational exposure than after. It is very necessary to give the enough occupational and psychological education and it is important to give psychological intervention during exposure as well.