健康体检人群骨密度异常的调查分析及护理对策

Survey and analysis on abnormal of bone mineral density in healthy people and nursing measures

目的了解男性和女性的年龄对骨密度的影响。方法选择做健康体检的体检者614例，采用直接数字式双能X线骨密度仪，测定腰椎及股骨上段两个部位。结果女性骨密度异常率随着年龄的增长明显增高，男性骨密度异常的比例随着年龄的增长有增加的趋势，但无统计学意义。男性和女性同一年龄段比较，只有≥60岁组男女骨密度异常率有统计学意义。结论男性和女性随年龄的增长骨密度异常率均增加，女性尤为明显，60岁之前，男性和女性骨密度异常率无统计学意义，60岁以后女性骨密度异常率远高于男性。

Objective To know the influence of ages of male and female on the bone mineral density. Methods 614 cases who took the physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected, including 275 male objects and 339 female objects. These objects were divided into four groups according to the ages, group A （ less than 40 years）, group B （40 to 49 years）, group C （50 to 59 years） and group D （ equal or greater than 60 years）. Two regions in the upper segment of the lumbar vertebra and femur were measured using the digital dual energy X-ray density meter. Results The abnormal rate of bone mineral density in female obviously increased with age. There were obvious differences among the other groups except that there was no difference between group A and group B. The abnormal rate of bone mineral density in male had an increase tendency with age, with no statistical meaning through Chi-square test. Compared in the same range of age, there was significantly statistical difference in bone mineral density of male and female only in group D. Conclusions The abnormal rates of bone mineral density increase with age both in female and in male, especially in female. There is no difference in the abnormal rate of bone mineral density in male and female before 60 years, while the abnormal rate in female is much higher than that in male after 60 years.