5Kehlet H,Wilmore DW.Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome[J].Am J Surg,2002,183(6):630---641.
6Moronczyk DA,Krasnod bski IW.Fast track surgery particu- larly in case of patients undergoing colonic resection [J].Pol Przegl Chir,2011,83( 1 ):55-61.
7Darido EF,Farrell TM.Fast-track concepts in major open upper abdominal and thoraco abdominal surgery:a review[J]. World J Surg,2011,35( 12 ) : 2594-2595.
8Ljungqvist O.To fast or not to fast? Metabolic preparation for elective surgery[l].Scandinavian J Nutr,2004,48(2):77-86.
10Soop M,Carlson GL,Hopkinson J,et al.Randomized clinical trial of the effects of immediate enteral nutrition on metabolic responses to major colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery protocol[J].Br J Surg,2004 , 91:1138-1145.