2[1]Knight P, Vassy L. The diagnosis and treatment of the acute scrotum in children and adolescents. Ann Surg. 1984, 200:664~673.
3[2]Lewis A, Jarvis P, Wacksman J, et al. Evaluation of acute scrotum in the emergency department. J Pediatr Surg. 1995,30:277~282.
4[3]Barry O, Stephen A. Emergency room problem. Pediatr Urol.3rd ed. 1997:281~285.
5[4]Rabinowitz R. The importance of the cremasteric reflex in acute scrotal swelling in children. J Urol. 1984,132:89~90.
6[5]Yazbeck S, Patriquin H. Accuracy of Doppler sonography in the evaluation of acute conditions of the scrotum in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1994,29:1270~1272.
7[6]Kass E, Stone K, Cacciarelli A, et al. Do all children with an acute scrotum require exploration. J Urol. 1993,150:667~669.
8[7]Snyder H, Caldamone A, Duckett J. Scrotal pain. In: Fleisher G, Ludwig S,eds. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine.3rd ed. Baltimore,MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1993:382~387.
9[8]Klein B, Ochsenschlager D. Scrotal masses in children and adolescents: a review for the emergency physician. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1993,9:351~356.
10Glabeke EV,Khairouni A,Lanoqnet M.Acute scrotal pain in children:Results of 543 surgical exploration.Pediatr Surg Int,1999,15:353.