国道主干线系统对交通安全的贡献研究

Contribution of National Trunk Highway System to Traffic Safety in China

选取了5个省市的7条高速公路和6条并行普通国省道作为课题研究的基础道路,应用"有无对比"分析方法,确定了高速公路相对于并行普通公路的事故率降低标准,并确定了高速公路交通事故经济损失指标。在此基础上,总结提出了高速公路减少事故伤亡人数及挽回事故经济损失的计算公式。最后,以沈大高速公路、成渝高速公路为案例,计算了上述2条高速公路通车运营以来对交通安全的贡献值,研究成果为总结"五纵七横"国道主干线交通安全运营状况提供了基本数据和计算依据。估算结果显示,国道主干线的使用减少了约9万起交通事故,挽救了10万人的生命,并使58万人免于受伤,挽回了125亿元人民币的事故经济损失。

The contribution of national trunk highway system to traffic safety was analyzed based on a large quantitative data collected from 7 freeways and 6 minor arterial highways. Firstly, the accident rates reduced by the use of trunk highways were established when trunk highways were compared with their competitive minor highways. Then, the economic loss for accidents occurring on trunk highways was determined based on statistic analysis. Secondly, the methodologies to calculate the lives saved, the injuries avoided, as well as the economic gains from the use of trunk highways were summarized. Then, Shen-Da Freeway and Cheng-Yu Freeway were selected as two cases to illustrate the use of the methods given above. Finally, the contribution of the whole national trunk highway system to traffic safety was estimated, which showed the fact that this system prevented nearly 900,000 accidents, spared the lives of at least 100,000 people, avoided injuries of 580,000 people, and saved economic gains of 12.5 billion RMB Yuans.