19种有机磷农药对酵母D61.M菌株的诱变性

Mutagenicity of 19 organophosphorus pesticides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D61.M

本文利用检测染色体丢失的酵母Ｄ６１．Ｍ菌株对１９种有机磷农药进行诱变性研究，并与本室过去利用其他两种诱变试验结果进行对比分析．结果表明Ｄ６１．Ｍ的检出率为８９．５％（１７／１９），即提示大多数有机磷农药可诱发非整倍体．１７种呈阳性的有机磷农药中有１４种也能在体外微核试验中检出，它们可能单独引起非整倍体或兼能引起染色体断裂．仅两种有机磷农药（乙硫磷，乙拌磷）单独在微核试验中检出而被Ｄ６１．Ｍ漏检，提示只有少数有机磷农药单独具有断裂作用．经进一步比较体内，体外微核试验及对甲基，乙基和其他有机磷农药的测试结果，提示Ｄ６１．Ｍ对脱甲基以及“脱芳基”的能力最差．

Mutagenicity of 19 organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) was tested by yeast system, Saccharomyces cerevisiae D61.M. The results were compared with those tested by other mutagenicity assays in our laboratory. 89.5% (17/19) of the OPP tested were positive in D61.M system. It suggested that most OPP might be potential aneuploidogens. Fourteen OPP were positive both in D61.M and either micronucleus test (in vitro or in vivo), thus these OPP may possess aneuploidizing effect singly, or both aneuploidizing and clastogenic effects concurrently. Only 2 OPP, ethion and disulfoton, were positive in micronucleus test singly but negative in D61.M, thus suggested only 2 few OPP might possess clastogenic effect singly. Nevertheless, it is the first time to show rigidly aneuploidizing effect in OPP. As comparing results from mouse and CHL cell micronucleus tests, it was found that the differences of the metabolic deactivating activity for dealkylation besides deethylation among the mouse, CHL cells and D61.M were clearly demonstrated.