民国初年滇、川、藏之间关系及其影响——以西藏治理和西南边疆稳固为中心

The Relation among Yunnan,Sichuan and Tibet in the Early Period of the Republic of China and its Influence: Focusing on the Administration of Tibet and the Stabilization of the Borderland of Southwest China

1912——1919年间,由于英帝国主义加紧侵略中国西藏,中国西南边疆地区危机加深,滇藏、边(康)藏、川藏关系成为影响中央政府治理西藏决策时的重要因素,并对以后的西藏治理和西南边疆的稳固也产生一定的影响。一方面,英帝国主义利用"西藏问题"干涉中国内政,企图通过划分所谓的"内藏"、"外藏",把西藏及其邻近的云南、川边、四川、青海、新疆等纳入它划分的范围,以达到侵吞中国领土的目的。另一方面,由于全国各界人民奋起抵抗,尤其是云南、川边、四川地区的地方当局和社会各界人士的呼吁和努力,促使中央政府下定决心抵抗外来侵略、维护领土完整。同时,由于地方利益、集团利益的冲突,云南、四川和川边地方当局的某些措施、行动又对民国初年乃至以后的西藏治理和边疆稳固产生了消极影响。

From 1912 to 1919, the British Imperialism quickened the steps of invasion into Tibet and caused intensified crises in the borderland of southwest China. The relation among Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet became an important factor that influenced the policy-making of the Central Government and the administration of Tibet and the stabilization of the borderland of southwest China. On the one hand, the British Imperialism used ＂Tibet Issue＂ to interfere in the internal affairs of China, and wanted to annex China＇s territory by dividing Tibet into two parts and putting Yunnan, Chuanbian, Sichuan, Qinhai and Xinjiang under its rule. On the other hand, because the whole Chinese nation bravely resisted the British invasion and the local governments of these provinces and all the people made their concerted efforts, the Central Government determined to fight against the British invasion and safeguard Chinas territory. However, the conflicts between different local interest-groups and the improper measures adopted by the local governments had some negative impacts on the later administration of Tibet and the stabilization of the borderland of southwest China.