欧安会／欧安组织框架下的人权与安全--基于《赫尔辛基最后文件》的法理分析

Human Right and Security under the Framework of CSCE/OSCE:An Analysis on the Basis of Helsinki Final Pact

1975年欧安会标志着欧洲战后国际形势发展的分水岭,其对于欧洲安全有着深远的影响。作为会议最终成果的《赫尔辛基最后文件》除了就当时两大阵营之间的政治军事安全信任机制做了规定之外,还特别引入了有关人权保障的措施,这种制度性安排背后新的安全理念超越了传统的通过均势平衡维持安全的联盟战略,其作为国际习惯法的独特地位和效力也增进了国家间安全合作的意愿。此后,这种依赖国际习惯法而擢升的区域性安全合作机制又得到了进一步的完善,最终形成了今天的欧安组织。从历史的角度看,欧安会/欧安组织不仅为区域安全合作奠定了机制框架下,其人权保障机制是有其独特的安全意涵的。

Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe （1975） was a watershed in post-WW Ⅱ international situation, imposing far-reaching influence upon European security. As the final fruit of this conference, Helsinki Final Pact not only built some sorts of political-military confidence mechanism, but more importantly, introduced some protection measures for human rights; behind these institutional arrangements, new security concept rose beyond traditional alliance strategy with balance-of-power as its core. As the international custom law, this final pact＇s unique position and legal force also advance the common will of security cooperation. Henceforth, this regional security cooperation mechanism eventually evolved into OSCE. Historically speaking, CSCE/OSCE laid an institutional foundation for the regional security cooperation, and the mechanism of human right under this framework also characterized itself with a unique significance for security.