福州话的通用量词“隻”与“個”

The General Classifiers 隻 and 個 in Fuzhou Dialect

通用量词是一个重要的汉语方言分类的指标。各主要方言的通用量词是"复"或"個",一般认为福州方言兼用二者。本文通过比较福州话中"复"和"個"的功能差异,并借助十九世纪的方言材料证明,后者其实是前者在名词前位置上的弱化形式。福州方言纯属于"隻"类方言。

The general classifier should be a important criterion in categorizing Chinese dialects. All major dialects use zhi v or ge 個 as the general classifier. Most previous studies argue that Fuzhou dialect uses both. Based on the analysis of the differences in the functions of zhi 隻 and ge 個 in Fuzhou dialect with materials written by nineteenth century missionaries as additional supportive evidence, this paper concludes that the word written as 個 was actually derived from the one written as zhi 隻. Fuzhou dialect belongs categorically to the group of zhi 隻.