某铅锌矿爆破有害效应分析及安全评估

Harmful Effect Analysis and Safety Evaluation on the Blasting Project of a Lead-zinc Mine

以某铅锌矿爆破施工为背景,在现场试验的基础上,对测得的振动速度进行回归分析,得到场地爆破振动衰减规律,并结合爆破主频率,确定了周围民房的容许振动速度为2cm/s。同时,对爆破冲击波和噪声进行研究,结果表明:爆破振动、冲击波和噪声均与爆心距、炸药量有关。当爆心距相同时,噪声对建筑物和人员的影响最大,空气冲击波次之,爆破振动较小。主要从控制最大段药量和爆源距安全原则考虑,提出了防爆破振动、噪声和冲击波及飞石的安全距离。另外,还提出了硐口悬挂3层麻袋、堵塞炮泥和控制起爆网络中段间微差等安全措施,并对有害效应进行评估,其结果对后续爆破设计和施工具有实用价值和指导意义。

Based on field test, a regression analysis of the vibration velocity measured in the blasting project of a lead-zinc mine was made, and the blasting vibration attenuation law in this region was obtained. By referring to blasting main frequency, the allowable vibration rate for nearby buildings was determined as 2 centimeters per second. Then, the effect of blasting shock wave and blasting noise was studied ; it showed that the blasting shock wave, blasting vibration and blasting noise were related with the blasting distance and the quantity of explosive. Under the same blasting distance, factors affecting the security of buildings and residents were noise, shock wave and blasting vibration in sequence. Finally, safety distance against shock wave, blasting vibration, noise and blasting flyrock was decided with main consideration on controlling the weight of charging explosive per delay interval and blasting distance. Meanwhile, some other preventive measures, such as suspending three-layer sacks in cave mouth ＂digging, blocking stemming and controlling time of delay, were also put forth. In addition, the harmful effects of the blasting project in this mine were evaluated. This study is helpful to the design and excavation of the subsequent blasting.