“文化霸权”与中国式误读

"Cultural Hegemony" and Misunderstanding in a Chinese Way

"文化霸权"是意大利共产党领袖葛兰西关于文化革命的理论,其实质是上层统治集团使下层从属阶层"有组织的赞同"他们,以达到领导教化目的。赛义德将其扩展到东西方文化权力关系中,使之带上了西方殖民主义色彩。中国学者在沿用葛兰西的"文化霸权"理论的基础上,更多地吸收了法兰克福学派对"文化霸权"的理解,使之带上了对西方文化的警惕和抗拒心理,具有民族性的反抗文化殖民意识。这与葛兰西在纯学术层面上探讨的文化运作背后的权力关系已有了很大的差异。

＂Cultural hegemony＂ is the theory innovated by Gramsci, leader of Italian Communist Party, the essence of which is that the upper ruling group tries to make the lower subject group agree with them in an organized way so as to lead and influence them. Said extended it into the relationship of cultural powers between the east and west and therefore it carties the character of western colonialism. Based on Gramsci＇s theory of cultural hegemony, Chinese scholars abstract more Frankfurt school＇s understanding and use of ＂cultural hegemony＂ and therefore it is imposed on the alert and resistance in western culture and has the awareness of national resistance against cultural colonization. This is quite different from the powers behind cultural operation that Gramsci discussed purely academically.