椰子渣不溶性膳食纤维酶法提取

Enzymatic Extraction of Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Coconut Residue

为提取椰子渣不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF),在测定椰子渣化学组成后经蛋白酶和脂肪酶分步酶解的单因素试验初步确定影响酶解各因素的适宜水平,在此基础上采用正交试验优化蛋白酶和脂肪酶一步酶解制备IDF的工艺条件,并测定产品的性能。结果表明,椰子渣含蛋白质14.80%、脂肪35.50%、膳食纤维22.30%以及其它碳水化合物20.85%;蛋白酶解适宜条件为:pH8.0～9.0、加酶量5.0%～6.0%、温度45～55℃、酶解4.0～5h;脂肪酶解适宜条件为:pH7.0～9.0、加酶量5.0%～6.0%、温度40～45℃、酶解4.0～5.0h;一步酶解的适宜条件为pH8.5、48℃,酶用量5.5%、酶解3.5h,此条件下蛋白质、脂肪的去除率分别达到89.1%和83.6%;产品的持水率和膨胀率分别为3.25g/g和3.45ml/g,黏度为1.66mPa·s,产品纯度80.30%。因此椰子渣可经条件温和的一步酶解法制得较高纯度的IDF。

In order to extract insoluble dietary fiber from coconut residue, monofactorial tests were carried out based on component analysis of coconut residue to determine the appropriate levels of factors influencing proteolysis and adipolysis, orthogonal test was accomplished to optimize technological conditions of one-step zymohydrolysis and the product＇s function was determined too. Results indicated that coconut residue contains 14.8% protein, 35.5% fat, 22.3% dietary fiber and 20.8% other carbohydrates; The appreciate conditions of proteolysis and adipolysis are pH 8.0-9.0, enzyme dosage 5.0%-6.0%, 45 -55 ℃ and reaction time 4.0-5.0 h, and pH 7.0-9.0, enzyme dosage 5.0%-6.0%, 40-45 ℃ and reaction time 4.0-5.0 h respectively; The optimized conditions of one-step zymohydrolysis are pH 8.5,enzyme dosage 5.5 %, 48 ℃ and reaction time 3.5 h and the removal rates of protein and lipid are 89.1% and 83.6% respectively; The water holdup, swelling rate, viscosity and purity of IDF product are 3.25 g/g, 3.45 ml/g and 1.66 mPa · s and 80.3% respectively.