美国与沙特准联盟外交的理论与实证研究

Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of U.S.-Saudi Quasi-alliance Diplomacy

二战结束以来,美国与沙特特殊关系的构建主要依靠准联盟外交,这类外交具有合作载体的非正式性、解决任务的选择性、合作手段的灵活性和战略指向的模糊性等特点。美沙准联盟外交的形成具有国际层面、国家层面和单元内部层面三重原因,双方的安全共同体和利益共同体意识强化了准联盟外交。"9·11"事件后,美国在海湾地区由依靠沙特转向依靠海合会其他成员,其准联盟外交战略呈现多元化趋势;沙特则积极利用欧盟、俄罗斯、中国和印度等来平衡美国的影响力。美沙各自外交战略的调整使美沙准联盟暗藏危机。

Since the end of WWlI, the U.S.-Saudi special relations have been based on quasi-alliance diplomacy, which features informality of cooperative mechanism, selectiveness of target, flexibility of means and ambiguity of strategy. Their bilateral quasi-alliance diplomacy formation can be interpreted from the perspecitves of system, state and sub-state levels, among which the sense of security and interest community consolidates the quasi-alliance diplomacy. Since ＂9.11＂, U.S. has relied not only on Saudi Arabia but also the rest of GCC countries, and its quasi-alliance strategy reveals diversity, while Saudi Arabia makes use of EU, Russia, China and India to balance U.S. influence. The two sides＇ bilateral strategic readjustment might be a potiential threat to their mutual quasi-alliance diplomacy.