中东地区清真寺功能的演变

The Evolution of the Functions of the Mosque in the Middle East

清真寺是伊斯兰教最重要的建筑物,其功能随着历史发展而不断演变。中古时期的清真寺以宗教功能为基础,兼具社会、政治和文化功能,在穆斯林生活中占据核心地位;近代以来,清真寺保持和加强民族认同以及提供情感依托和社会支持的功能得到强化,大众动员功能逐渐增强。这些功能在全球化时代得到进一步发展,在一定程度上缓解了全球化引起的伊斯兰国家民族认同危机、经济结构面临调整、人口跨国流动增加等压力。

The most important pattern of Islamic architecture is considered to be the mosque, whose functions have witnessed a continuous evolution in the history. In the medieval times, the mosque was the core of the life of Muslims, for it developed social, political, and cultural functions on the basis of its religious function. In modern times, the mosque has been executing stronger functions of maintaining and strengthening the national identity, providing emotional and social support, and mass mobilization. All these functions have been further developed in the era of globalization to deal with various problems, such as the threatened national identity of Islamic countries, the economic structural adjustment, and the large-scale transnational migration.