猪流感病毒研究进展

Progress on Swine influenza virus

猪流感是由猪流感病毒引起的一种呼吸道传染病。此病在世界各地都有发生,危害严重,经济损失巨大,并对人类的健康构成威胁。猪流感病毒属于正黏病毒科A型流感病毒属,病毒粒子呈多形态。该病毒对热、消毒剂敏感,对干燥和低温的抵抗力强。其分子特性为多节段的RNA病毒,由8个片段组成,分别编码10种蛋白质。猪流感病毒能够在多种动物的细胞和鸡胚增殖。病毒具有血凝活性,但不同毒株的抗原性无明显的区分。由于病毒受到抗体的压力很大,因此病毒的变异频繁,其机理涉及分子水平的抗原漂移和抗原转变。文章对病毒的理化性质、生物学特性、分子特性、病毒的蛋白和基因变异等方面的研究情况进行了综述。

Swine influenza is an infectious respiratory disease caused by swine influenza virus. At present, the disease,which causes economic loss and threats animal husbandry and human health seriously, takes place in many nations and regions in the world. Swine influenza virus belongs to influenza virus A, which is sensitive to heat and common disinfectants, but is strong resistant to dry and cold. Swine influenza virus is composed of eight segments, which encode ten proteins. Swine influenza virus can multiply in many cells and chicken embryos,and has hemagglutinating activity, but the antigenicities have no obvious differences among different strains. Because of huge pressure of antibodies, swine influenza viruses always vary, inclu- ding antigen shift and antigen conversion. The physical and chemical characteristics, molecular characteristics, biological characteristics,proteins and gene variation of swine influenza virus were reviewed.