云南元谋干热河谷捕食性昆虫多样性

Diversity of Predatory Insect in Yuanmou Arid-Hot Valley,Yunnan

于2004—2005年对云南元谋干热河谷捕食性昆虫多样性进行调查,报道元谋干热河谷捕食性昆虫89种(含待定种10种),其中印度暗带螳为中国新记录,云南新记录有11种;步甲科种类最丰富,占所有捕食性昆虫种类的19.1%。元谋干热河谷9种生境捕食性昆虫群落多样性的排序为:桉树印楝林>多树种混交的人工林>印楝林>明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛>云南松林>桉树新银合欢林>桉树林>牛筋条-黄荆林>余甘子-明油子灌木林。许多人工植被与自然植被捕食性昆虫群落之间相似性较高,反映出人工种植的乔木尚不能影响植物群落发展。人工封育措施对桉树印楝林的多样性保护起到了积极作用;草本层和地被物不发达、地表裸露是制约捕食性昆虫群落多样性的主要因素。提出对分布较狭窄的自然植被及草本层不发达的人工植被进行优先保护和修复的建议。

Diversity of the predatory insects in Yuanmou arid-hot valley of Yunnan was investigated during 2004-2005. A total of 89 species （including 10 to be identified） was reported in Yuanmou, and among them Plistospilota nova was newly recorded in China and 11 species were newly recorded in Yunnan Province. There were the most species in Carabidae, with 19.1% of the total predatory insects. The order of diversity of the predatory insect communities in 9 habitats in Yuanmou aridhot valley was： Eucalyptus ＋ Azadirachta indica plantation 〉 mixed plantation 〉 A. indica plantation 〉 Dodonaea angustifolia Heteropogonetea contortus scrub and grass clump 〉 Pinus yunnanensis plantation 〉 Eucalyptus ＋ Leucaena leucocephala plantation 〉 Eucalyptus plantation 〉 Dichotornanthus tristaniaecarpa-Vitex negundo forest 〉 Phyllanthus emblica- Dodonaea angustifolia shrublands. A great similarity in the predatory insect community was found between in some artificial vegetation and in the natural vegetation, showing that the arbor species did not affect the development of the phytocommunity. Hill-closure to facilitate afforestation had a positive effect on the diversity protection in Eucalyptus ＋ Azadirctchta indica plantation. Thin grass or ground coverage and bare ground were the major elements that restricted the diversity of the predatory insect community. This study suggests that it should be given priority to protect and recondition the natural vegetation with narrow distribution and the artificial vegetation of thin ground coverage.