浅析当代中国教育领域中的惩罚

On Punishment in China's Modern Education

自18世纪末19世纪初开始,刑罚中对罪犯的惩罚方式逐渐发生了变化,即由注重对肉体的报复逐渐转变为对灵魂的改造。从当今教育领域对惩罚方式所进行的改革中,我们也可见到这种变化的影子。当今无论是公开惩罚地位的下降还是体罚的废除都是以学生人权为中心的,但它们在追求人的全面发展、体现人类教育理念进步的同时,却又废除了教育者的惩罚权。教育领域并不存在是否需要惩罚的问题,但存在应使用什么样的惩罚手段问题,惩罚的存在对维护规范、建立秩序还是很有必要的。面对当今教育领域中对惩罚改革的矫枉过正现象及其产生的负面影响,如何在尊重学生人权的同时又能恰当地实施惩罚是一个促使我们每个人都应思考的问题。

The means of penal punishment has been gradually changing, since the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century,namely,from its revenge on flesh to the modification of soul. This kind of change can also be found in the reform of punishment means in present education field. Not permitting public punishment, as well as prohibiting body pun- ishment,is centered on the human rights of the students. While seeking the students＇ overall development and representing the promotion of human＇ s educational notion, they also take away the educator＇ s rights of punishing. In education, the problem is not necessity of punishment, but the means of that. Punishment might promise norm and order. Facing the problem with punishment reform and its negative consequences in education field, we have to find a proper way to harmonize the relations between rights of punishing and students＇ human rights.