1Allan CS, Andrew DK, Raymond Yee, et al. Progression to chronic atrial fibriliation after pacing: the canadian trial of physiologic pacing[J].JACC, 2001,38(1) :167-172.
2Sweeny MO, Hellkamp AS, Ellenbogen KA, et al. Adverse effect of ventricular pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation on among patients with normal baseline QBS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfuncfiou[J].Circulation, 2003,107 (11) : 2932-2937.
3Nielsen JD, Kristensen L, Andersen HR, et al. A randomized comparison of atrial and dual-chamber pacing in 177 consecutive patients with sick sinus syndrome: echocardiographic and clinical outcome[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2003,42(4) :614-623.
4Sweeney MO, Hellkamp AS, et al. Baseline QRS duration 2> 120milliseconds and cumulative percent time ventricular paced predicts increased risk of heart failure, stroke, and death in DDDR-paced patients with sick sinus syndrome in MOST (Conference Abstract)[J]. PACE, 2002,25(4, PartⅡ) : 690.
5Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, et al. Dual chamber pacing or ventricular back-up pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator. The Dual Chamber and VVI -Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial[J].JAMA, 2002,288 : 3115-3123.
6Deshmukh P, Casavant DA, Romanyshyn M, et al. Permanent, direct His-bundle pacing: a novel approach to cardiac pacing in patients with normal His-Purkinje activation [J].Circulation, 2000,101 : 869-877.
7Deshmukh P, Romanyshyn M. Direct His-bundle pacing: present and future[J].Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , 2004,27 : 862-870.
8Yamauehi Y, Znonuma K, Hachiya H, et al. Significant reduction of mitral regurgitation by direct His-bundle pacing or right ventricular outflow septal pacing in comparison with right ventricular apical pacing in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral regurgitation[J].Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 2001,9: 583.
1Tse HF, Lau CP. Long-term effect of right ventricular pacing on myocardial perfusion and function. J Am Coil Cardiol, 1997, 29: 744-749.
2Lee MA, Dae MW, Langberg JJ, et al. Effects of long-term fight ventfieular apical pacing on left ventrieular perfusion, innervation, function and histology. J Am Coil Cardiol, 1994, 24: 225-232.
3Karpawich PP, Justice CD, Cavitt DL, et al. Developmental sequelae of fixed-rate ventficular pacing in the immature canine heart: An electrophysiologic, hemodynamic, and histopathologic evaluation. Am Heart J, 1990,119: 1077-1083.
4Karpawich PP , Mital S . Comparative left ventricular function following atrial, septal, and apical single chamber heart pacing in the young. PACE,1997, 20: 1983-1988.
5Schwaab B, Kindermann M, Frohlig G, et al. Septal lead implantation for the reduction of paced QRS duration using passive-fixation leads. PACE,2001, 24: 28-33.
6Bashore TM, Stine RA, Shaffer PB, et al. The noninvasive localization of ventrieular pacing sites by radionuelide phase imaging. Circulation, 1984,70: 681-694.
7Links JM, Raichlen JS, Wagner HN, et al. Assessment of the site of ventricular activation by fourier analysis of gated blood-pool studies. J Nucl Med, 1985, 26: 27-32.
8Rosenqvist M,Bergfeldt L,Haga Y,et al.The effect of ventricular activationsequence cardiac performance during pacing.Pacing Clin Electrophysiol,1996,19:1279-1286.
9Karpawich PP,Justice CD,Chang CH,et al.Septal ventricular pacing in the immature canine heart:a new perspective.Am Heart J,1991,121:827-833.
10Giudici MC,Karpawich PP.Altemative site pacing:it′s time to define terms.PACE,1999,22:551-553.
