汶川8．0级大地震极重灾区映秀镇不同建筑结构震害概述及原因简析

Overview on seismic damage to different structures in Yingxiu Town during Wenchuan Earthquake

2008年5月12日,中国四川省汶川县发生里氏8.0级地震。汶川地震是中国建国以来最为严重的地震,造成了巨大的人员伤亡以及工程结构震害。震中位于映秀镇(北纬31.015°,东经103.365°)。映秀镇的建筑结构形式多样,其中有钢筋混凝土框架结构、砖混结构、底框架结构和工业厂房。该镇的建筑多数是按照不同时期的《建筑抗震设计规范》进行设计。一部分抗震设防烈度为7度,少数抗震设防烈度为8度。由于映秀镇地震动强度大,建筑物的破坏十分严重,震害非常典型,为地震工程学提供了极具价值的材料,对工程震害的研究在理论与工程实践都具有十分重要的意义。本文对在映秀镇收集到的工程震害进行概述,讨论不同结构形式的破坏现象和特点,并给出简要的分析。

On May 12, 2008; an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China . It is the most serious earthquake in China since 1949, causing very heavy casualties and enormous damage to the buildings. The epicenter was located in Yingxiu Town （N31. 015°, E103. 365°）. The structural styles of buildings in Yingxiu are different and comprise reinforced concrete structure, masonry structure, bottom frame structure and industrial workshop. The buildings were designed according to the Codes for seismic design of buildings in different periods. The seismic fortification intensity for most buildings was Ⅶ, and that for the others was Ⅷ. Owing to the high seismic intensity of Yingxiu Town in this earthquake, the buildings were destroyed most seriously. The damage to the buildings was representative. The earthquake provides a lot of valuable information for the seismological investigation. The research of engineering damage is important to the investigation on theory and engineering applications. According to the typical buildings of different structural styles, the damaging phenomena and their causes will be discussed in the paper.