基于哈贝马斯生活世界理论的瘟疫社会学分析——以20世纪上半叶哈尔滨的瘟疫事件为例

A Sociological Analysis of Plagues based on Habermas' Living-World Theories——Taking the Harbin murrain in the First Half Leaf of 20th Century as an Example

以哈贝马斯生活世界的结构及其理性化理论为分析工具,结合中国社会结构的特性以及在瘟疫环境下的具体现实对其进行调整,并用政府、文化与个人这一框架来剖析疫病救治的社会状态和社会理性化演变趋势。面对惨烈的瘟疫,政府首先采取了一系列的应急措施,承担了社会成员行为后果以及本应由社群承担的行为取向协调的"双重"功能。由于瘟疫所带来的巨大压力、政府的规范及沟通,使人们的生活条件模式与行为均做出了调整;但从长期趋势来看,这二者的理性化的演变则需要时间、文明程度的累积和大众医学伦理知识的增长。

Based on the construction and its rational theories of Habermas＇s living -world, this paper analyzes the characteristics of plague and adjusts them according to Chinese social framework and realistic conditions during plagues. The social rescuing system and its sociological rational evolution style are also analyzed based on the functional framework of government, social culture and individuals. Individual＇s life style and behaviors have both been adjusted due to high pressures of plagues and govemment~ standardization and interferences to the plagues. But seen in the long run, rational evolution of individual＇s life style depends on the accumulation of time, civilization, and the recognition of medical ethics among general public.