播期、密度和肥料对菜用大豆南农9610产量和品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Date,Planting Density and N,P and K Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Vegetable Soybean

采用5因子4水平3重复正交试验设计[L16（45）],研究了播期、密度、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥对菜用大豆品种南农9610产量的影响。结果表明,不同的播期、密度、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥处理对菜用大豆产量形成有显著影响。综合衡量不同栽培因子对产量形成的影响,得到各因素最优组合为：氮肥（纯氮）75-150 kg/hm2、磷肥（过磷酸钙）450 kg/hm2、钾肥（氯化钾）120 kg/hm2,选择4月份天气晴朗、地势较干燥时播种,播种越早,经济效益越高,密度1hm23.75×10^5株。不同施肥水平对菜用大豆品质也有重要影响。增施氮肥可显著提高大豆籽粒中可溶性氨基酸和蛋白质含量,降低脂肪含量;增施磷钾肥可显著提高大豆籽粒中可溶性糖含量;增施钾肥可提高脂肪含量,降低蛋白质和氨基酸含量。

In this study, with field experiment, effects of sowing date, planting density, N, P and K fertilizer on yield of vegetable soybean （Nannong 9610） were studied with the orthogonal design. The results showed that treatments of sowing date, planting density, N, P and K fertilizer significantly influenced the yield of vegetable soybean. The optimum factor combinations were as follows： nitrogenous fertilizer, 75 -150 kg/hm2, phosphorus fertilizer 450 kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 120 kg/hm2, sowing date, sunny days with dry soil during April, planting density of 3.75 ×10^5 in 1 hm2. Different fertilizer rates of N, P and K had an important effect on grain quality. Increasing N could increase amino acid and pro- tein content, and decrease fat content. Increasing P and K could increase soluble sugar content. And increasing K could increase fat content, and decrease protein and amino acid content.