利用RAPD标记研究部分葡萄品种的亲缘关系

Identifying grape cultivars and evaluating their genetic relationship by RAPD markers

对47个葡萄品种进行RAPD分析。从100条随机引物中筛选出30个多态性引物用于DNA扩增,共扩出216条DNA带,121条具有多态性,多态性比例为56.01%。通过聚类分析结果表明,供试品种分成5大类,巨峰、红瑞宝、龙宝等巨峰系品种聚为一类。其中龙宝和红瑞宝优先聚在一起。表明葡萄品种间的遗传多样性有明显差异,即使父母本相同的品种,利用RAPD技术也可以分开。聚类图显示,品种间遗传一致度与品种的遗传背景有关,如高妻与红井川,红瑞宝与龙宝优先聚在一起;有的品种虽属同一杂交组合却未能表现最大遗传一致度,如京玉与奥古斯特,在聚类图中处于相邻的位置,说明无性繁殖的葡萄在双亲基因型杂合条件下,有性杂交通过基因重组,杂种后代也可呈现出有较大遗传差异。

Forty-seven genotypes of grape （Vitis L.） were analyzed with RAPD. 30 primers screened from 100 primers could amplify clearly and stably 216 bands. 121Bands were examined for random amplified polymorphic DNA, which occupied 56.01%. The relationships among the 47 cuhivars based on their genetic distances were clustered into5 groups, Kyoto, Benizuiho, Ryo Ho and so on were clustered together. The results showed that the genetic polymorphism of grape was obvious, the cultivars, even having the same cross parentage, could be divided by RAPD. The relationships among the 47 cultivars also showed that genetic consistence of cultivar were related with genetic background. For example, Takatsuma and Beniikawa were clustered together; some cuhivars originated from the same hybridization combination couldn＇t display their genetic consistence, for example Jingyu and Augusta were clustered on the other side position. It is suggested that on the condition of hybrid parentage, the crossed progeny could be of genetic difference.