温度和能量对笼养育成蛋鸭的生长、性发育及代谢的影响

Effects of cool temperature and energy levels on performance,sexual development and metabolism of young laying ducks in the cage

文章研究适温(18±1℃)、低温(2±1℃)的环境中日粮能量水平(低能10.50MJ.kg-1、中能11.50MJ.kg-1、高能12.50 MJ.kg-1)对笼养育成金定蛋鸭体发育、性成熟和物质代谢的影响。采用两因素有重复设计。结果表明,低温显著影响育成期笼养蛋鸭的平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05),对平均日增重和饲料转化率影响显著(P<0.05);低温和能量互作对平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05)。低温对育成期笼养蛋鸭卵巢重、输卵管重、输卵管长、孕酮和雌二醇水平的影响显著(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对育成期笼养蛋鸭卵巢重、孕酮和雌二醇水平的影响显著(P<0.05);温度和能量互作对卵巢重、输卵管重和输卵管长影响显著(P<0.05),对孕酮和雌二醇水平影响极显著(P<0.01)。低温对育成期笼养蛋鸭血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三脂和钙离子浓度的影响显著(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对血清总蛋白和钙离子浓度影响显著(P<0.05);温度和能量互作对血清总蛋白影响显著(P<0.05),对血清葡萄糖和甘油三脂浓度的影响没达到显著水准(P>0.05),对血清钙离子浓度影响极显著(P<0.01)。低温显著影响育成蛋鸭的体发育和性成熟,适当提高日粮的能量水平可减轻低温给育成蛋鸭所造成的冷应激。

Laying ducks were used to determine the effects of three dietary levels of energy （10.50, 11.50, 12.50 MJ·kg^-1） on performance, sexual maturity and metabolism in normal temperature （18±1 ℃ ） and low temperature （2±1 ℃）. Taking 2×3 （temperaturexenergy） factorial arrangement. The results showed that low temperature and different levels of energy had a significant influence on the ADFI, ADG and FCR （P〈0.05）; the interaction of energy and temperature had a significant effect on ADFI （P〈0.05）. Low temperature had a significant influence on the weight of ovary and oviduct, the length of oviduct, progesterone and estradiol （P〈0.05）. The level of energy had a significant influence on the weight of ovary, progesterone, and estradiol （P〈0.05）, the interaction of temperature and energy had a significant effect on the weight of ovary and oviduct, the length of ovary （P〈0.05）, and had an extremely significant influence on progesterone and estradiol （P〈0.01）. Low temperature had a significant influence on serum TP, GLU, TG（P〈0.05）, the level of energy had a significant influence on serum TP and Ca2＋ （P〈0.05）, the interaction of temperature and energy had a significant influence on serum TP （P〈0.05）, but had no significant influence on serum GLU and TG （P〉0.05）, and had an extremely significant influence on serum Ca2＋ （P〈0.01）. It is concluded that temperature would significantly influence laying ducks＇ performance and sexual maturity, and appropriate level of energy would reduce the effect of cold stress on laying ducks.