安徽淮河流域新石器文化兴衰与自然环境变迁关系研究

Neolithic Culture Development and Nature Environmental Evolution in Huaihe River Basin in Anhui Province

安徽淮河流域是我国古文化相互交流、相互碰撞的一个重要区域,新石器时代演绎了多期古文化,石山子文化时期以渔猎为主,大汶口文化时期渔猎与农耕并重,而龙山文化时期以农耕为主,渔猎为辅。本文利用钻孔孢粉、海面变化及海岸线变迁等研究成果恢复本区全新世自然环境演变过程,利用田野考古资料和考古研究成果,系统地梳理本区新石器文化发展进程,并将环境演变研究和古文化研究有机地结合起来,探讨该地区全新世环境演变对古文化发展的影响。研究表明,随着全新世大暖期的开始,新石器早期出现石山子文化,地方特征明显。6.5~5.5kaB.P.气候暖湿,受高海面、海侵及洪涝灾害的影响,地表环境恶劣,导致文化发展中断、考古遗址缺失,5.5~4.0kaB.P.气候趋干,自然条件有利于人类生存,大汶口、龙山文化逐渐繁荣。

Huaihe River basin in Anhui is an intercommunion and interaction area of many cultures in China, and there are rich cultures in Neolithic age. Fishing and hunting are dominant in Shishanzi cultural period; Fishing and hunting pay equal attention to farming in Dawenkou cultural period;Farming give priority to fishing and hunting in Longshan cultural period. Using the pollen and age data of the core, sea level change and coastline movement, we analyses environmental evolution in H uaihe River basin, Anhui. At the same time/some research results in archaeology are combined with environmental evolution research, this paper discuss the relationship of Neolithic culture and nature environment in Huaihe River basin, Anhui. Neolithic cultural development was strongly impacted by the environmental evolution. The primitive culture （Shishanzi） was developed in the beginning of Holocene Megathermal Period. Regional feature of culture was distinct. From 6.5 kaB. P. to 5. 5kaB. P. , the climate changed warmer and wetter. Flood and waterlog frequently occurred due to the climate and high sea level, the eartMs surface environment had deteriorated in Huaihe River basin, Anhui. Neolithic cultural development was interrupted, the amount of site lack. From 5. 5 kaB. P. to 4. 0kag. P. , the climate changed from wet to dry, environment was propitious to hnman being activity. Dawenkou Culture and Longs- han Culture flourished in this period.