张文收对传统计量的贡献

Zhang Wenshou's Contributions to Traditional Metrology

唐代张文收所造的方形嘉量,一方面承继了先秦"商鞅铜方升"等方形量器的特点,完全避免了圆形嘉量制作过程中由圆周率造成的系统误差,另一方面吸取了"新莽嘉量"五量合一的优点,实现了一器包含龠、合、升、斗、斛5种分量。这种设计理念确实比较先进。虽然由于种种原因,此量在当时并未受到应有的关注,但它对后世量器的制作却产生了一定的影响,清代乾隆方式嘉量便仿造了其式样。

Zhang Wenshou ever contrived a new kind of square standard measure in Tang Dynasty. On the one hand, his square measure carried forward the characteristics of bronze square sheng of Shang Yang during Qin of the Warring States. System error caused by pi during the manufacture of circular measure was wholly averted on his square measure. On the other hand, Zhang Wenshou absorbed the advantage of combining the five capacity measures in one on the bronze standard measure of Wang Mang during Xin. His square measure also included the five capacity measures, namely yue, ge, sheng, dou and hu. This kind of design was really advanced comparatively then. For a variety of reasons, his square standard measure did not gain deserved attention in Tang Dynasty. However, Zhang Wenshou＇s square standard measure affected the manufacture of the square measure to a certain extent in later ages. In Qing Dynasty, square standard measure at the time of the reign of Emperor Qian Long imitated the shape of Zhang Wenshou＇s square standard measure