论司马迁的游侠观

Sima Qian's View of You Xia

司马迁在《史记》中第一次为游侠树碑立传,并对自己的游侠观作了系统阐发。他将游侠的精神特质概括为"侠客之义",其内涵包括一言九鼎、诚实守信的人格,急人之难、舍生取义的精神和逡逡退让、不居功自傲的品质。同时,他还提出"布衣之侠"、"乡曲之侠"、"闾巷之侠"、"匹夫之侠"、"卿相之侠"等几个不同概念,对游侠进行类别划分,以明确其外延。司马迁游侠观念中表现出强烈的抒情色彩,表面看来,是对个人身世遭遇的沉痛感慨,实则是其入世心理在强烈冲击下的现世宣泄,思想范畴属于儒家。司马迁游侠观的阐发具有里程碑意义,影响极其深远。分析其游侠观,对于认识游侠现象、游侠文学乃至于我们民族的意识形态均具有重要价值。

Sima Qian lionizes youxia （a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct） for the first time in his Shi Ji, and makes a systematic elaboration of his view of you xia, defining its spiritual features with connotations of personality and quality and denotations of classification. Sima＇s view, of intense emotion-expressing, seems to be emotional recollections of personal experiences, but actually gives expressions to his worldly mentality of Confucian ideology under strong impact. Sima＇s elaboration is a milestone of far-reaching influence. To analyze his view of you xia is of great important value in understanding you xia phenomenon, its literature and even the ideology of the nation.