交往理论与意识形态批判——一种批判解释学的视角

Communication theory and ideological criticism under the perspective of hermeneutic criticism

从批判解释学的视角来看,马克思的交往理论不仅揭示了人类交往的一般规律,而且从交往的异化现象入手,深入地剖析了社会意识形态如何扭曲了资本主义社会的交往。马克思从历史唯物主义立场出发,指出迄今为止的人类交往并不是自由自在的,而是被扭曲了;被扭曲的根本原因在于意识形态掩盖或粉饰了真正物质性交往。马克思对意识形态的批判是其交往理论的归宿。这种批判真正体现了批判解释学的精神。而哈贝马斯仅仅从语言本身来分析交往活动,将交往行为的合理化寄希望于语言媒介,却偏离了他自己所主张的批判解释学精神。

Abstract： Maxist communication theory, under the perspective of hermeneutic criticism, is not only a revelation of the general rule of human communication but also a deep analysis of the distorted effect of social ideology on capitalist society. Marx points out from the position of historical materialism ： human communication has so far been distorted, the fundamental reason of which is that the material communication has been covered and pretti- fied by ideology. Maxist communication theory arrives at ideological criticism which is an expression of the character of hermeneutic criticism. In contrast, Habermas deviates from his positon of hermeneutie criticism by confining his analysis to language proper and depending on linguistic media for proper communicative behaviour.