第十二条宪法修正案出台原因浅析

The Twelfth Amendment To the Constitution

1800年,美国总统选举制度遭遇了一次严重危机,美国总统"难产"了。最后在众议院经过36轮的投票表决,总统才最终被选出来。为了从根源上、制度上杜绝这种危机的再次出现,国会在1803年12月9日提出了宪法修正案,1804年6月15日,该修正案开始发生效力,这就是第十二条宪法修正案。文章通过对美国总统制诞生,对宪法中总统选举条款的分析,指出了这次总统选举危机的制度根源所在,防止这种危机再次出现所采取的根本措施———第十二条宪法修正案的出台。

In 1800 ,the American president-elect met its first crisis. Finally,after thirty- six times＇ vote in the House of Representatives, the American people succeeded in electing their president. In order to prevent such a phenomenon from happening again, the Congress put forward the twelfth amendment to the Constitution on December 9th, 1803 ,and on June 15th, 1804 ,this amendment came into effect. In this paper, I, step by step, found the source of this crisis in the systerm by analyzing the Ame rican presidency and the law of president - elect according to the Constitution. At last, the Congress,in order to avoid such a crisis, put forward the twelfth amendment to the Constitution.