大葱高效钾肥施用技术研究

Study on Application Technique of High Efficient K Fertilizer on Chinese Onion

[目的]研究钾肥对大葱产量和品质的影响。[方法]以黄岭大葱为材料，在施用等量磷肥的基础上，以2种氮肥水平（225和375kg/hm2）和3种钾肥水平（0、225和337.5 kg/hm2）组成6个氮钾肥处理，研究钾肥对大葱产量和品质的影响。[结果]在施氮磷肥的基础上增施钾肥对大葱的生长有明显促进作用，大葱株高、分蘖数、葱白长、葱白粗和单株鲜重均随钾肥用量的增加而增加，在6个处理中大葱的增产幅度为12.1%-17.6%；施钾能显著提高大葱维生素C和可溶性糖含量，显著降低硝酸盐含量。2种氮肥水平下，施钾分别增收7 088-9 800元/hm2和8 050-10 850元/hm2。[结论]在施氮磷肥的基础上合理增施钾肥可提高大葱的产量、品质和经济效益。

[ Objective ] The study aimed to research the effect of K fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese onion. [ Method ] With Huangling Chinese onion as material, on the basis of equivalent P fertilizer amount, 2 levels of N fertilizer （225 and 375 kg/hm^2 ）, 3 levels of K fertilizer （ 0,225 and 337.5 kg/hm^2 ） were matched into 6 treatments of NK fertilizer so as to study the effect of K fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese onion. [ Result] It had obvious promoting effect on the growth of Chinese onion when K fertilizer was applied on the basis of NP fertilizer application, and the plant height, tiller number, length of onion white, diameter of onion white and fresh weight per plant were all increased with the increment of K fertilizer rate. Among 6 treatments, Chinese onion yield was increased by 12.1% - 17.6%. The Vc content and soluble sugar content was increased significantly and the nitrate content was decreased significantly when K fertilizer was applied. Under 2 levels of N fertilizer, the increased income were 7 088 -9 800 yuan/hm^2 and 8 050 - 10 850 yuan/hm^2 resp. when K fertilizer was applied. [ Conclusion ] The yield, quality and economic benefit of Chinese onion could be increased when K fertilizer was reasonably applied on the basis of NP fertilizer application.