焦作煤矿区开采沉陷地生物复垦技术与试验研究

Study on Organism Reclamation Technique of the Mining Subsidence Land in Jiaozuo Coal Mining Area

焦作市煤矿区是一个有着近百年历史的老矿区。长期以来,地下采煤引起的大面积土地沉陷及矸石山压占土地对该地区土地资源造成较大的破坏。为了改善矿区环境,结合焦作市中马村矿区采煤沉陷地土壤特点与工程复垦技术,提出几种生物复垦措施对复垦地土壤进行改良:酸碱中和法、绿肥法、施用化肥和农家肥、微生物法。试验结果表明:生物复垦技术是改善新土壤层的养分状况,增加有机质和保肥能力的最有效方式,采用生物复垦措施后,复垦地土壤结构明显得到改善,土壤容重明显降低,理化特性得到改善,试种的作物产量与工程复垦后土壤相比明显增加,基本接近普通农田的水平。

The coal mining area around Jiaozuo City has a history of nearly 100 years. For many years, large areas of subsided land caused by coal mining under ground and large waste tips destroyed the land resource seriously. In order to improve the environment of mining area, the following methods of organism reclamation were put forward to ameliorate the soil according to specific conditions of Jiaozuo mining area ： acid -alkali neutralization method, green manure method, chemical fertilizer and farm manure method and microorganism method. Result showed that the organism reclamation technique was the most effective way to improve the soil nutrient condition and the fertilizer preservation. After organism reclamation, the composition of the new soil was greatly improved, unit weight of soil was lowered down, the physics and chemical properties turned better. After organism reclamation, the output of trial crops obviously increased than that of the engineering reclamation soil, and was close to ordinary farm field.