英语现在完成体的认知阐释

A Cognitive Interpretation of the English Present Perfect

Langacker关于现在完成体的论述体现了他的认知语法的理论目标,即建立一种关于语法结构的概念观,根据认知过程来描写语言的组织结构。在Langacker的体系中,现在完成体构式与现在完成过程是不同的两个概念。现在完成体构式由现在时态、助动词have和过去分词3个部分组成,因此,整个构式带有这3个组成部分各自的语义特点,并在此基础上产生整个构式的语义特征。现在完成体构式包含的现时关联含义是指构式中过去分词所勾画的事件与参照点(即说话人和听话人所在的位置)之间产生的关联,这种现时关联是主观性的。

Langacker＇ s discussion of the English present perfect reflects the theoretical goal of his cognitive grammar,i, e. to establish a conceptual view of grammatical structure and characterize thestructure of linguistic organization in terms of cognitive processing. In Langacker＇ s system, the present perfect construction and the present perfective process are two different notions. The present perfect construction is composed of three parts, i. e. the present tense, the auxiliary have and the past participle. Thus the whole construction contains the semantic features of each of the three parts, and on this basis, the semantic fea- tures of the whole construction is established. The current relevance of the present perfect construction refers to the relevance established between the event profiled by the past participle in the construction and the reference point （i. e. the position of the speaker and the hearer） , and thus this current relevance is subjective.