乌龟肝和脾受X射线辐射后的组织病理学变化

Tissue pathologic changes of liver and spleen of Chinemys reevesii after irradiated by X-ray

研究了乌龟肝和脾受X射线辐射后的组织病理学变化，结果表明，乌龟的肝脏由3叶构成，肝实质内结缔组织极少，肝小叶间分界不清．X线照射后第1天，肝细胞出现以细胞核固缩为特征的细胞凋亡现象，中央静脉有淤血现象．照射后第8天，凋亡肝细胞增多，细胞核固缩更明显，中央静脉血管阻塞症加重．照射后第16天，中央静脉血管阻塞症状仍存在，肝内色素细胞增多．乌龟的脾脏分为被膜和实质两部分，其中实质可分为白髓和红髓两部分．白髓由大量密集的淋巴细胞围绕1～2条小动脉构成，未见淋巴小结；红髓由脾索和脾窦组成．X线照射后第1天，淋巴细胞出现凋亡现象，红髓与白髓的边界开始模糊．照射后第8天，中央动脉出现阻塞现象，白髓与红髓分界不清．照射后第16天，白髓的小动脉内的阻塞现象进一步加重，白髓与红髓基本融合在一起．

The changes of pathology of liver and spleen of Chinemys reevesii after irradiated by X-ray were studied. The results showed that the liver of tortoise was composed of three parts, the connective tissue was very few in liver parenchyma and the dividing line was blurry between hepatic lobules. The apoptosis charactered by karyopyknosis and the congestion of central vein appeared in the first day after irradiation. The apoptosis was more prominence and the karyopyknosis was more obvious as well as the obstruction of blood vessel was more serious in the eighth day after irradiation. The obstruction of blood vessel was existed and pigment cells were increased in the sixteenth day after irradiation. The spleen of tortoise was divided into splenic capsule and splenic parenchyma. The splenic parenchyma was divided into white pulp and red pulp. The white pulp was composed of 1 or 2 small arteries surrounded by plentiful and denseness lymphocytes. No lymph nodule was found. The red pulp was composed of splenic cords and splenic sinus. The apoptosis of lymphocyte was found and the dividing line began blurry between white pulp and red pulp in the first day after irradiation. The central artery was obstructed and the dividing line was blurry between white pulp and red pulp in the eighth day after irradiation. The obstruction of blood vessel was more serious, the white pulp and red pulp fused in the sixteenth day after irradiation.