模糊综合评价法在鄱阳湖水质评价中的应用

An Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation to Assessing the Water Quality of Poyang Lake

应用模糊综合评价法对鄱阳湖各重要断面的水质进行了综合评价。根据鄱阳湖10个重要断面的水质特点，确定了5个指标（DO，CODMn，NH3-N，N，P）作为评价因子，建立评价矩阵，计算出影响因子的权重，最后评价出水质级别。结果发现，鄱阳湖10个断面中，6个断面水质达Ⅱ级以上，2个为Ⅳ级，2个为V级。鄱阳湖的水质总体上还比较好，但不能过于乐观，值得警惕。通过鄱阳湖水质评价表明，模糊综合评价法由于考虑到了水质分级界限的模糊性和污染因素的权重，能够比较客观地反映水体的水质现状，且操作简单、实用性强，是1种较为科学而有效的水质定量评价方法。

The assessment of Poyang Lake water quality by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was presented. According to the water quality characteristics at ten important cross-sections in Poyang Lake, five evaluation factors, i.e., dissolved oxygen, permanganate value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus, have been chosen to set up an assessing matrix, calculate weights of the affecting factors, and finally evaluate grades of the water quality. Regarding the water quality, results showed that of the ten cross-sections, six ones were superior to grade II, two ones were at grade IV and the other two ones were at grade V. In general, it should not be too optimistic though the water quality of Poyang Lake was still fairly good. As the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has taken the obscurity of water quality grading and the weights of pollution factors into account, its result could reflect subjectively the status of water bodies. The method has revealed simple and practical in operation, and rather effective for water quality quantitative evaluation.