土壤生物工程在河道坡岸生态修复中的研究和应用

Study and Practice of Soil Bioengineering on Ecological Restoration of Streambanks

土壤生物工程是一项采用存活植物构筑边坡结构，以实现某些工程和生态功能的工程技术．可为河道（流）坡岸的稳定和生态修复提供有效的方法。本文简要地讨论了土壤生物工程的原理、基本种植技术和影响工程植物生长的因素：并给出了活枝扦插．活枝柴笼、灌丛垫以及土壤生物工程与传统结构方法和水生植物全（半）系列技术相结合的工程实例。介绍了我国第一个采用土壤生物工程修复河道坡岸的示范工程，对比了工程实施后河道坡岸5个月来的生境条件和生物多样性的变化。研究和示范工程表明，采用土壤生物工程方法可以稳定坡岸，改善坡岸的栖息地质量，修复河道的生态环境。土壤生物工程方法可以在我国各类岸（边）坡的生态修复中广泛运用。

Soil bioengineering is the use of living plant materials to construct structures that perform some engineering and ecological functions, which can provide an effective means for slope stabilization and site restoration of streambanks. Principles of soil bioengineering, basic planting methods, and growth factors were briefly discussed. Techniques such as live stakes, live fascines, brush layering, and combinations of traditional structures or aquatic plant technology were described in the case study. Research and demo projects indicated that soil bioengineering has significant effects on slope stability, habitat improvement and ecological restoration of streambanks. The first demo project of soil bioengineering on riverbank restoration was introduced, plant niches and varieties of streambanks being compared based on five-month growth. It was considered that the approach is widely applicable in ecological restoration of all kind of slopes in China.