从物理到政理的社会学思想与严复对近代社会的解析

Yan Fu's Social Thinking and His Analysis of Contemporary Society

晓清社会文化秩序上的失范,促使近代学人从价值理念的角度深层次地探讨中国贫弱、西方富强的原因以及如何拉近中国与西方先进文明的距离。严复的社会学思想在学理上深受斯宾塞等人的影响.他坚持社会进化论,主张社会有机体论.严复社会学思想有其应用理论形态,即"从物理到政理"及"国民素质论",并用于解析中国近代社会,有实践品格。时代变迁的急速导致严复未能很好地消化而直接将西方社会学思想用于解析中国近代社会转型。

The chaos in social cultural order in the late Qing period forced contemporary scholars to probe from the perspective of values into the causes of China＇s poverty and weakness and the prosperity and powerfulness of the West, and to find out the ways to shorten the distance between China and the Western advanced civilization. Influenced in social ideology by Spencer and his followers, Yan Fu stuck to theory of social evolution and advocated that society was organism. Due to the rapid social changes, Yan Fu could not assimilate properly Western theory of sociology and instead applied it directly to the analysis of social transition in China.