企业规模、城市规模与集聚经济——对中国制造业企业普查数据的实证分析

Firm Size,City size,and Agglomeration Economies——Evidence from China Manufacturing Census

本文利用我国2004年制造业企业普查数据,检验了不同规模的企业在不同规模的城市中得益于何种类型的集聚经济。结果表明,在控制了人力资本的外部性和城市人口规模效应后,小型企业在中等城市和大城市中显著得益于马歇尔外部经济(行业内集聚经济),在超大和特大城市中显著得益于雅各布斯外部经济(跨行业集聚经济);中型企业在大城市、特大城市和超大城市中显著得益于马歇尔外部经济,但只在特大城市中显著得益于雅各布斯外部经济;大型企业即使在特大和超大城市中也很少得益于雅各布斯外部经济。

This paper uses the 2004 China manufacturing census data and studies from what types of agglomeration economies firms of different sizes can benefit in cities of different sizes. The empirical results demonstrate that, after controlling for human capital externalities and city size effect, small finns benefit strongly from Marshallian externalities （localization economies） in medium and large cities, and Jacobs externalities （urbanization economies） in extra-large and super-large cities; medium firms benefit strongly from Marshallian externalities in large, extra-large, and super-large cities, but benefit from Jacobs externalities only at super-large cities; large finns do not benefit from Jacobs externalities even in extra-large and super-large cities.