成都市学龄儿童的睡眠状况调查

Sleep Problems Among School Age Children in Chengdu

目的了解成都市学龄儿童的睡眠状况及其相关因素。方法2005年9月～11月在成都5个城区随机抽取2848名学龄儿童,进行家庭社会环境与睡眠健康的问卷调查。结果成都市学龄儿童的睡眠时间随年龄增加而逐年减少,各年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。睡眠障碍的发生率为58.08%,其中遗尿发生率为5.65%,梦呓为16.15%,睡眠不安为34.34%,梦游为2.84%,磨牙为22.86%,打鼾为10.92%,呼吸暂停为0.77%,呼吸困难为3.12%,梦魇为11.76%。男童梦游、打鼾的发生率明显高于女童,睡眠不安、磨牙的发生率有年龄差异。影响儿童发生睡眠障碍的因素有是否参加补习班、特长班;是否服用影响神经系统的食物、药物;是否经常从事兴奋性活动;抚养人,母亲孕期及产后是否有情绪低落;是否患有食物或药物过敏等。结论目前成都市学龄儿童的睡眠时间普遍减少,睡眠障碍的发生率较高,这一现象应得到社会各方面的关心和重视。

Objective To identify the sleep patterns and sleep problems in the children of school age in Chengdu. Methods In 2005, 2848 children of school age were randomly selected from five districts in Chengdu to participants in a questionnaire survey. The sleep behaviors of the participants and their determinants were investigated. Results The sleeping time decreased with age （P〈0. 05）. More than half of the participants （58.08%） had sleep disorders, which included enuresis （5. 65%）, sleeptalking （16. 15 %）, sleepinquietude （34. 34%）, sleepwalking （2. 84 %）, bruxism （22. 86%）, snoring （10. 92 %）, sleep apnoea （0. 77%）, decompensation （3.12%）, and nightmares （11. 76%）. The boys had greater prevalence of sleepwalking and snoring than the girls. There was a significant age difference for sleepinquietude and bruxism. The factors that had an impact on the sleep disorders included： after school classes, neuro-medication and foods, exciting activities, depressive moods of mothers or caregivers, and allergic reactions to medicines and foods. Conclusion Sleep deprivations and high prevalence of sleep disorders among the school age children in Chengdu need to be addressed.