湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究

Ecological Consequences of Cyanobacetrial Blooms in Lakes and Their Countermeasures

湖泊具有供水、渔业、旅游、维持区域生态系统平衡等功能,是支撑我国经济和社会发展的重要资源之一。但是近30年来,湖泊富营养化所导致的蓝藻水华频繁暴发,生态灾害事件频发,严重影响湖泊功能的发挥,制约区域经济可持续发展。针对国家在保障区域水安全和生态安全、保护人民健康及建设和谐社会等方面的重大需求,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究"于2008年7月正式立项。项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括:①湖泊蓝藻水华主要衍生污染物的形成机理、迁移转化规律和毒理效应;②蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化和功能退化的机理;③蓝藻水华生态灾害评估及调控机理。针对上述科学问题,项目以蓝藻水华污染物的产生、湖泊生态系统结构与功能的响应以及生态灾害的评估与调控为研究主线,重点开展以下几个方面的研究:①蓝藻水华衍生污染物的产生及其环境过程;②蓝藻水华衍生污染物的毒理效应与生态和健康风险;③蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化与功能退化的关键过程和机制;④蓝藻水华灾害治理和调控的的技术原理和途径。项目的实施和完成将为我国湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害的预防与控制提供理论和技术原理支撑。

In the recent 30 years, cyanobacterial blooming has occurred frequently in lakes of the Yangtze river basin, especially in Lake Taihu, Chaohu, and Dianchi, which has severely affected the functioning of these lake ecosystems. Cyanobacterial blooming in lakes has certainly become a major challenge to the sustainable development of regional economy in China, which needs urgent solutions. Although the environmental problems generated by cyanobacterial blooming has got more and more attention, the mechanism of ecological catastrophe driven by the blooming is unclear until now. Most studies have been focusing on the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the last decades. The current project aims to reveal the mechanism of ecological catastrophe induced from cyanobacterial blooms and to find practical means to control the negative impacts. Three key questions will be addressed in this project, which include： ①development, environmental process, fate, and toxicological effects of pollutants derived from cyanobacterial blooms; ②regime shift and functional change of lake ecosystems induced by cyanobacterial blooms ; ③evaluation and control mechanism of ecological catastrophe caused by the blooms. Lake Taihu, Chaohu, and Dianchi will be chosen for a comprehensive and comparative study. The project will focus on the pollution mechanisms of cyanobacterial blooms, subsequent response of lake ecosystems, and thus the corresponding means reducing these negative impacts. Major research contents include the formation, environmental process, and fate of derivate pollutants from cyanobacterial blooms, eco-toxicological effect of major pollutants and safety of water quality, key process and change of lake ecosystems in response to cyanobacterial blooming. Based on these studies, new methods and principles for reducing the negative impacts will be studied and promoted. This study will finally have implications for ensuring the safety of regional ecology and sustainable development of regional economy. This study may also have contributions to the knowledge about ecology of keynote species, ecological resilience and catastrophic ecology.