封闭的结构与开放性主题

Multiple Themes within a Closed Structure

《暴风雨》是莎士比亚戏剧的代表作之一,此剧在结构上有着独具匠心的安排。戏剧以三个故事之间的平行结构造成反复的效果,以此展现出一幅人类活动的普遍图景。而这种反复并非简单的重复,三个故事在具有平行结构的基础上,以故事各自的特点,营造了"戏中戏"、阶梯效应和人物关系换位的效果。正是这些在平行结构基础上的不同演绎,使得戏剧的主题被多方位地呈现出来。戏剧虽然具备了严密的结构,却同样在对主题的呈现中表现出开放性的一面。

The Tempest is one of Shakespeare＇s masterpieces, of which the structure is uniquely manipulated. The three stories in the play with similar plots and storylines contribute together to an effect of repetition in structure, presenting a picture of universal human activities. This kind of repetition, however, is by no means a simple and meaningless one, for each of the three stories is of its particular characteristics and thus the three stories can, based on their similar structures, work together to create a play within a play, a ladder-ascending effect as well as a reversal of character＇s positions. The multiple themes of the play, therefore, can be figured out from different dimensions through an explanation of the parallel structures of the stories. Tight and sophisticated as the whole structure is, the play is actually opened to different themes yet to be explained within the frame of the closed structure.